An operating system (or OS) is an essential piece of software that manages a computer’s hardware and software resources, serving as the platform for applications to run and providing a user interface for users to interact with the device.
One of the key responsibilities of an OS is process management. The operating system organizes and schedules tasks (also known as processes), ensuring that each application receives the resources it needs to operate efficiently. By managing these tasks, the OS prevents conflicts between programs and ensures a smooth computing experience.
Another core responsibility is memory management. The OS allocates and manages system memory for various applications, optimizing performance and ensuring stability. This process allows each application to access the memory it requires, which is essential for running multiple programs simultaneously.
File management is also a significant responsibility of an OS. The operating system organizes, stores, retrieves, and secures files on storage devices using a file system, allowing users and applications to access data as needed. Additionally, the OS manages devices, which allow hardware components such as printers, keyboards, and network adapters to interact seamlessly with applications.
Finally, operating systems offer a user interface—typically a graphical user interface (GUI) or command-line interface (CLI)—that allows users to interact with the computer. This interface is essential enabling users to navigate, access programs, and adjust settings.
Popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iPadOS, and iOS, each tailored for different device types and user needs.